Warpage analysis for 2.5D & 3D chiplet packages

See how your chiplet stack bends — before it ships.

WarpStack predicts thermal warpage for advanced 2.5D and 3D chiplet packages, and gives you three ways to ask: high fidelity at various resolution, so a coarse mesh still gives you the answer; WarpStack-GNN to sweep a whole design space in milliseconds per point; and WarpStack-MOR to explore a bounded box around a nominal design in microseconds. One design description, three ways to get an answer.

✦ High fidelity at various resolution ✦ WarpStack-GNN · 19.4 ms ✦ WarpStack-MOR · 51 µs
±0.55%
across resolutions · MI350 study
19.4 ms
per design point · WarpStack-GNN
798,000×
vs a full solve · WarpStack-MOR
3
solvers, one workflow
Why it matters

When the package bends, reliability breaks

Stacking silicon, interposers, and memory bonds materials with very different expansion rates. As the assembly heats and cools, those mismatches make the whole package bow and twist — and that warpage is a first-order reliability risk in modern 2.5D and 3D integration.

🌡️

Heat makes it move

Every material in the stack expands by a different amount. Cycle the package from assembly to operating temperature and those mismatches build internal stress that warps the whole structure.

⚠️

Warpage causes failures

Too much bow leads to cracked dies, delaminated layers, and open solder joints — and it makes assembly yield fall. Catching it early is far cheaper than finding it on the line.

🔁

It has to be checked often

Floorplanning, stack-up choices, and material selection all change how a package warps. Designers need a warpage answer on every iteration — not once, at the very end.

Convex warpage (∩) center domes up · edges pressed down Substrate flat Solder bridging edge bumps → short Solder opening center bump → open Concave warpage (∪) center sags down · edges lift up Substrate flat Solder bridging center bumps → short Solder opening both edges → open Silicon die Interposer Substrate Solder bump Opening (open) Bridging (short)
Why a few microns matter. As the assembly cools from bonding to operating temperature, mismatched expansion bows the package into a convex (∩) or concave (∪) shape. Where the gap opens too far the solder bump pulls apart into an open circuit; where it closes too far, neighboring bumps merge into a short. WarpStack predicts that bow — and where it peaks — so these failures are caught in design, not on the assembly line.
What it does

Three ways to get a warpage answer

The same package description drives all three. Start where the cost fits the question — a converged answer on a coarse mesh, a whole design space swept by a trained network, or a bounded box explored in microseconds — and move between them without changing your inputs. Each is backed by a technical white paper.

Input & output

One description in, a warpage map you can turn over

Bring the stack straight from the ecosystem: WarpStack reads the design, builds the mechanical model itself, and every method writes the same result format — so the view, the comparison and the downstream script are identical whichever one answered.

INPUT · STANDARDS

🧩 IEEE 3Dblox & native JSON

Import designs described in IEEE 3Dblox (.3dbx) — the IEEE-standard language for physical stacking, dimensions, and connectivity in 2.5D/3D-IC — or describe the stack directly in WarpStack's floorplan JSON. Recursive includes, rotations, mirrors and molding autofill are handled on the way in.

INPUT · MATERIALS

📐 Properties from a profile

Modulus, Poisson ratio and CTE come from a material profile you supply or the bundled library — never inferred. An unmatched material stops the run rather than quietly guessing, which is what makes a result reproducible.

OUTPUT · INTERACTIVE

🗺️ Turn it over, slice it

Rotate the 3D stack and warpage surface, cut XZ/YZ cross-sections on a slider, and exaggerate the z-scale to see a few microns of bow on a 60 mm package — in a self-contained HTML report you can send on.

OUTPUT · COMPARE

⚖️ Signed difference maps

Put any two answers side by side — two methods, two resolutions, two material sets — and read the signed difference across the whole surface, not just the peak-to-peak number.

OUTPUT · SCRIPTABLE

📤 Report and raw data

Warpage CSVs, geometry.json and simulation_report.json out of every run — ready to feed straight into your own flow.

SCALE

🧱 Hands-off at real scale

A production-class accelerator package imports to 457 mechanical layers, 273 footprint regions and 138 instances — with one line changed. Every layer is resolved through the full thickness; no plate approximation, no smeared stiffness.

Workflow · agentic integration

Built for agentic EDA flows

WarpStack is designed to drop straight into agentic EDA and system-design workflows. A first-class CLI and structured data interface let autonomous design agents call a full 3D solve, WarpStack-MOR, or WarpStack-GNN, read back machine-readable warpage maps and peak-to-peak margins, and feed them into floorplanning, stack-up, and material-selection loops. With millisecond AI inference, warpage finally runs at the speed of the loop itself.

  • Agentic-flow ready — built to be driven by autonomous EDA and system-design agents, and to plug into any agentic flow.
  • CLI-first — every warpage analysis is scriptable from the command line; nothing in the loop needs a GUI.
  • Structured data interface — machine-readable floorplans in; warpage surfaces, peak-to-peak bow, and signed difference maps out.
  • Warpage-aware optimization — at 19.4 ms per evaluation, WarpStack-GNN lets agents sweep thousands of material and thermal design points in a live loop.
  • Reliability sign-off — screen the whole space with WarpStack-MOR or WarpStack-GNN; sign off the critical designs with a full 3D solve before tape-out.
agentic-flow ready CLI-first structured data interface IEEE 3Dblox input AI-accelerated
Closed-loop warpage optimization
◆ Agentic EDA / system-design flow
An autonomous agent drives floorplan, stack-up, and material decisions for the chiplet or advanced package.
↓ invokes WarpStack — CLI + structured data interface
▣ WarpStack warpage analysis
WarpStack-GNN, WarpStack-MOR, or a full 3D solve runs headless, producing warpage maps and peak-to-peak margins directly for automation.
↓ returns structured, machine-readable results
↻ Fed back to the agent
Warpage hotspots, peak-to-peak bow, and reliability margins steer the next floorplan, stack, or material iteration automatically.

Warpage analysis becomes a callable step inside your agentic flow — not a hand-run GUI task.

Technical library

The detail lives in the white papers

Every number on this page is backed by a short technical white paper — the full method, the package it was measured on, the tables and figures, and the scope and caveats. Read the ones that matter to your design.

Browse all white papers →

Put warpage in the loop.

WarpStack is in active development. Request a demo or a walkthrough on your own 2.5D/3D chiplet designs, and we'll get you set up.

noveetyai@noveetymanagement.com